The low availability of autologous blood vessels and problems after implantation generate the need to look for other solutions to save patients’ health and life. Moreover, there are problems with the long-term patency of the transplanted blood vessel, which necessitates the need for further surgical interventions. However, in many cases, the poor condition of the patient’s vein makes it impossible to use for transplant. Patients’ autologous blood vessels (e.g., saphenous veins) are currently the most frequently used as bypasses. Coronary artery bypass grafting is one of the treatment methods of advanced ischemic heart disease. In advanced stages, these diseases lead to heart attacks or strokes caused by the complete clogging of the blood vessels. Among them, coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial disease are the most common and dangerous for human life. In the case of SMCs, it was proved that the best growth of SMCs is obtained for micron fibers (with an average diameter close to 900 nm) compared to the submicron fibers (with an average diameter below 900 nm).Ĭardiovascular diseases (CVDs), classified as civilization diseases, are currently the major cause of death globally.

However, this effect was only visible after an extended period of culture (6 days). Both morphology (solid versus fibrous) and average fiber diameter (submicron fibers versus microfibers) of scaffolds influenced the growth of ECs. It has been shown that it is possible to obtain structures with a given morphology by changing the selected process parameters (working distance and polymer solution concentration). Additionally, materials with different average fiber diameters (about 200, 500, and 900 nm) were produced for each group. Bi-layer materials consisted of one fibrous-solid layer and one fibrous layer, resulting in two different surfaces. One-layer materials consisted of one fibrous layer with two fibrous surfaces.

Two types of materials, differing in morphology, were produced by the solution blow spinning technique. This study aimed to analyze the growth of two types of blood vessel building cells: endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on surfaces with different morphology.

Fibrous scaffolds